2011年11月IB生物SL真题下载-Paper2
1. Stem cells in the bone marrow can be forced into blood vessels in a process called mobilization.Mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow into the blood vessels represents the basis for modern bone marrow transplantation procedures.
To test the effect of light on the mobilization of stem cells, mice were subjected to a simulated “jet lag” by advancing the light-dark cycle by 12 hours. This was done by subjecting mice to a 24-hour light period before the results shown in the graph were recorded. The results were compared to the stem cells in control mice under normal conditions of 12 hours of light (□)and 12 hours of darkness ( ▅ ).
(a) (i) State the maximum number of stem cells per ml blood in the control mice.
(ii) Determine the number of hours of light needed to release the maximum number of stem cells in blood in control mice.
(b) Distinguish between the trends shown in the number of stem cells per ml blood by the mice subjected to jet lag and the control mice.
(c) Other studies suggest that a greater number of blood stem cells for transplantation may be obtained if they are harvested during darkness. Evaluate this hypothesis.
One important chemical in the mobilization of stem cells is a protein, CXCL12, which maintains the stem cells inside the bone marrow. The breakdown of CXCL12 causes the mobilization of stem cells to the blood vessels.
The graph below shows the mobilization of stem cells and the production of mRNA for CXCL12 when the bone marrow is treated with two different chemicals (isoprenaline and clenbuterol).
(d) Explain how the amount of mRNA for CXCL12 gives an indication of the amount of protein CXCL12 produced.
(e) Compare the effect of isoprenaline and clenbuterol with the normal release of stem cells and the production of mRNA for CXCL12.
(f) Research is being conducted into treatment for diabetes based on stem cells. Discuss the ethical issues involved in stem cell research.
2011年11月IB生物SL真题余下省略！
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