2016年5月IB物理(SL)真题PDF下载-Paper2
1. A company designs a spring system for loading ice blocks onto a truck. The ice block is placed in a holder H in front of the spring and an electric motor compresses the spring by pushing H to the left. When the spring is released the ice block is accelerated towards a ramp ABC. When the spring is fully decompressed, the ice block loses contact with the spring at A. The mass of the ice block is 55 kg.
Assume that the surface of the ramp is frictionless and that the masses of the spring and the holder are negligible compared to the mass of the ice block.
(a) (i) The block arrives at C with a speed of 0.90ms−1. Show that the elastic energy stored in the spring is 670J.
(ii) Calculate the speed of the block at A.
(b) Describe the motion of the block
(i) from A to B with reference to Newton's first law.
(ii) from B to C with reference to Newton's second law.
(c) On the axes, sketch a graph to show how the displacement of the block varies with time from A to C. (You do not have to put numbers on the axes.)
(d) The spring decompression takes 0.42 s. Determine the average force that the spring exerts on the block.
(e) The electric motor is connected to a source of potential difference 120 V and draws a current of 6.8 A. The motor takes 1.5 s to compress the spring.
Estimate the efficiency of the motor.
2. The two arrows in the diagram show the gravitational field strength vectors at the position of a planet due to each of two stars of equal mass M.
Each star has mass M = 2.0 × 1030kg. The planet is at a distance of 6.0 × 1011m from each star.
(a) Show that the gravitational field strength at the position of the planet due to one of the stars is g=3.7×10–4 Nkg–1.
(b)Calculate the magnitude of the resultant gravitational field strength at the position of the planet.
3. In an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of fusion of ice, an ice cube is dropped into water that is contained in a well-insulated calorimeter of negligible specific heat capacity. The following data are available.
(a) Using the data, estimate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.
(b) The experiment is repeated using the same mass of crushed ice.
Suggest the effect, if any, of crushing the ice on
- (i) the final temperature of the water.
- (ii) the time it takes the water to reach its final temperature.
4. A longitudinal wave is travelling in a medium from left to right. The graph shows the variation with distance x of the displacement y of the particles in the medium. The solid line and the dotted line show the displacement at t = 0 and t = 0.882 ms, respectively.
The period of the wave is greater than 0.882 ms. A displacement to the right of the equilibrium position is positive.
(a) State what is meant by a longitudinal travelling wave.
(b) Calculate, for this wave,
(i) the speed.
(ii) the frequency.
(c) The equilibrium position of a particle in the medium is at x = 0.80 m. For this particle at t = 0, state and explain
(i) the direction of motion.
(ii) whether the particle is at the centre of a compression or a rarefaction.
5. In an experiment a student constructs the circuit shown in the diagram. The ammeter and the voltmeter are assumed to be ideal.
(a) State what is meant by an ideal voltmeter.
(b) The student adjusts the variable resistor and takes readings from the ammeter and voltmeter. The graph shows the variation of the voltmeter reading V with the ammeter reading I.
Use the graph to determine
(i) the electromotive force (emf) of the cell.
(ii) the internal resistance of the cell.
(c) A connecting wire in the circuit has a radius of 1.2 mm and the current in it is 3.5 A. The number of electrons per unit volume of the wire is 2.4 × 1028 m−3. Show that the drift speed of the electrons in the wire is 2.0 × 10−4 ms−1.
(d) The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the connecting wire in (c).
The wire which carries a current of 3.5 A into the page, is placed in a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density 0.25 T. The field is directed at right angles to the wire.
Determine the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on one of the charge carriers in the wire.
2016年5月IB物理(SL)真题余下省略！
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