2014年11月IB地理真题（SL+HL）下载-Paper2
Option A — Freshwater – issues and conflicts
1. The diagram shows the three main sources of freshwater on Earth.
(a) (i) Define the term groundwater.
(ii) Estimate the percentage of groundwater shown on the diagram.
(b) State two major types of natural surface freshwater (other than rivers).
(c) Explain three consequences of a reduction in the volume of ice caps.
(d) Discuss the relative importance of the factors affecting the characteristics of hydrographs.
2. If you choose to answer this question refer to the photograph on page 2 in the Resources Booklet.
The photograph shows the course of a river that flows into a lake.
(a) Referring to photographic evidence, identify and briefly describe two natural features of the river valley floor clearly shown in the photograph.
(b) Suggest three ways in which humans might modify the floodplain shown in the photograph to reduce flood risk.
(c) “Wetland management strategies are never a complete success.” Discuss this statement, with reference to one named major wetland.
3. The map shows the distribution of coastal “dead zones” in North America and the Caribbean.
A dead zone is an area with significantly reduced marine life (due to pollution).
(a) (i) Describe the location of dead zones.
(ii) Outline how chemical waste may result in a dead zone.
(b) Briefly explain the formation of:
(i) one coastal landform resulting mainly from erosion;
(ii) one coastal landform resulting mainly from deposition.
(c) “Management strategies for coastlines are generally ineffective.” Discuss this statement with reference to one named coastline you have studied.
2014年11月IB地理真题余下省略！
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